Ilusão, criatividade e paradoxo: pré-condições para a capacidade de brincar / Ilusión, creatividad y paradoja: condiciones previas para la capacidad de jugar / Illusion, creativity and paradox: preconditions for the ability to play / Illusion, créativité et paradoxe: conditions préalables à la capacité de jouer

Inscrevendo-se de maneira singular na tradição psicanalítica, Winnicott estabelece uma situação de observação padronizada de bebês em que o brincar surge como critério diagnóstico e terapêutico para o desenvolvimento infantil. Esta observação passa a operar como uma matriz do pensamento winnicottiano, a partir da qual será elaborada a teoria do desenvolvimento emocional primitivo. O presente artigo busca destacar quais seriam as precondições para o desenvolvimento da capacidade de brincar do bebê humano, identificando alguns pontos de continuidade e inflexão com relação à teorização freudo-kleiniana sobre o brincar e o desenvolvimento emocional da criança: as relações entre a critividade, ilusão e o paradoxo

Suscribiéndose de una manera única a la tradición psicoanalítica, Winnicott establece una situación de observación estandarizada de bebés en la que el juego aparece como un criterio diagnóstico y terapéutico para el desarrollo infantil. Esta observación comienza a funcionar como una matriz del pensamiento winnicotiano a partir del cual se elaborará la teoría del desarrollo emocional primitivo. El presente artículo busca resaltar cuáles son las condiciones previas para el desarrollo de la capacidad de juego del bebé humano, identificando algunos puntos de continuidad e inflexión en relación con la teorización freudo-kleiniana sobre el juego del niño y el desarrollo emocional: las relaciones entre la crítica, ilusión y la paradoja

Subscribing in a unique way to the psychoanalytic tradition, Winnicott establishes a situation of standardized observation of babies in which playing appears as a diagnostic and therapeutic criterion for child development. This observation starts to operate as a matrix of Winnicottian thought from which the theory of primitive emotional development will be elaborated. The present article seeks to highlight which are the preconditions for the development of the human baby's ability to play, identifying some points of continuity and inflection in relation to Freudo-Kleinian theorizing about the child's play and emotional development: the relationships between criticism , illusion and the paradox

S'inscrivant de façon unique à la tradition psychanalytique, Winnicott établit une situation d'observation standardisée des bébés dans laquelle le jeu apparaît comme un critère diagnostique et thérapeutique du développement de l'enfant. Cette observation commence à fonctionner comme une matrice de la pensée winnicottienne, à partir de laquelle la théorie du développement émotionnel primitif sera élaborée. Cet article cherche à mettre en évidence quelles sont les conditions préalables au développement de la capacité de jeu du bébé humain, en identifiant quelques points de continuité et d'inflexion en relation avec la théorisation freudo-kleinienne du jeu et du développement émotionnel de l'enfant: les relations entre critique, illusion et paradoxe.

Saber, inteligência e tradição: o educar e o educador em Chaui, Rancière e Lajonquière / Saber, inteligencia y tradición: el educar y el educador en Chaui, Rancière y Lajonquière / To know, intelligence, and tradition: educating and the educator in Chaui, Rancière and Lajonquière / Connaître, intelligence et tradition: éduquer et éducateur à Chaui, Rancière et Lajonquière

O artigo parte da compreensão que Marilena Chaui, Jacques Rancière e Leandro de Lajonquière expressam sobre aspectos decisivos à relação professor-aluno. Particularmente no que dizem a respeito do ensino-aprendizagem. Com isso, explicitamos uma formulação subjacente ao que pensam esses autores acerca do ser professor. Referendamos suas posições ao identificarmos nelas uma relação entre saber, inteligência e tradição, a qual seja, os lugares que ocupam professor e aluno ante o conhecimento localizado em certa tradição discursiva na qual as personagens dessa trama estão inseridas. Um movimento de ideias tal que, no cotejo entre esses pensadores, culminou num exame sobre omito tecnicizante e desenvolvimentista que tem norteado certas abordagens pedagógicas predominantes no Brasil, especialmente no que concernem ao ser professor

El artículo parte del entendimiento que expresan Marilena Chaui, Jacques Rancière y Leandro de Lajonquière sobre aspectos decisivos de la relación docente-alumno. Particularmente en lo que respecta a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Con esto, explicamos una formulación subyacente de lo que estos autores piensan sobre ser docente. Refrendamos sus posiciones al identificar en ellas una relación entre saber, inteligencia y tradición, es decir, los lugares que ocupan docente y alumno frente a saberes ubicados en una determinada tradición discursiva en la que se insertan los personajes de esta trama. Un movimiento de ideas que, en la comparación entre estos pensadores, culminó en un examen del mito tecnizante y desarrollista que ha guiado ciertos enfoques pedagógicos predominantes en Brasil, especialmente en lo que se refiere al ser docente

The article starts from the understanding that Marilena Chaui, Jacques Rancière and Leandro de Lajonquière express about decisive aspects of the teacher-student relationship. Particularly with regard to teaching and learning. With this, we explain an underlying formulation of what these authors think about being a teacher. We endorse their positions by identifying in them a relationship between knowledge, intelligence and tradition, that is, the places that teacher and student occupy in the face of knowledge located in a certain discursive tradition in which the characters of this plot are inserted. A movement of ideas that, in the comparison between these thinkers, culminated in an examination of the technicizing and developmental myth that has guided certain pedagogical approaches prevalent in Brazil, especially with regard to being a teacher

L'article part de la compréhension que Marilena Chaui, Jacques Rancière et Leandro de Lajonquière expriment sur les aspects décisifs de la relation enseignant-élève. Notamment em ce qui concerne l'enseignement et l'apprentissage. Avec cela, nous expliquons une formulation sous-jacente de ce que ces auteurs pensent d'être um enseignant. Nous endossons leurs positions em identifiant em elles une relation entre savoir, intelligence et tradition, c'est-à-dire les places qu'occupent enseignant et élève face à um savoir situé dans une certaine tradition discursive dans laquelle s'insèrent les personnages de cette intrigue. Um mouvement d'idées qui, dans la comparaison entre ces penseurs, a abouti à um examen du mythe technicisant et développemental qui a guidé certaines approches pédagogiques répandues au Brésil, notamment em ce qui concerne le métier d'enseignant

Pela inclusão do vídeo na psicanálise: espelho, espelho meu, que olhos grandes você tem! / Por la inclusión del video en el psicoanálisis: espejito, espejito, qué ojos tan grandes tienes! / For the inclusion of video in psychoanalysis: mirror, mirror, on the wall, what big eyes you have! / Pour l'inclusion de la vidéo dans la psychanalyse: petite miroir, petit miroir, comme tu as de grands yeux!

Fundamentamos a função especular do vídeo na clínica psicanalítica infantil, especialmente no autismo, retomando os conceitos de alienação e ilusão. Em Lacan, o especular compreende uma imagem antecipada, oferecida pelo Outro, na qual o bebê se reconhece. Entretanto, essa cena alienante sugere um impasse, representado fabularmente pela rainha e branca de neve: que espelho oferece uma mãe considerando senão a própria beleza, incapaz de reconhecer a beleza própria da filha? Em Winnicott, uma ilusão ocorre no espelho: quando vê seu bebê, a mãe supõe existir de fato algo ali próprio a ele (não a ela). Tal ilusão ocorreria no vídeo: as filmagens dos atendimentos parecem capturar fatos que supomos concernirem à realidade da criança; após revisão do material, tomados pela ilusão, reconhecemo-lhe pequenas produções, mesmo a olho nu

Fundamentamos la función especular del vídeo en la clínica psicoanalítica infantil, especialmente en el autismo, volviendo a conceptos como alienación y ilusión. En Lacan, la especularidad comprende una imagen anticipada, ofrecida por el Otro, en la cual el bebé reconocese. Sin embargo, esta escena alienante sugiere un obstáculo, representado por la reina y Blancanieves: ¿qué espejo podría ofrecer una madre, considerando solo su propia belleza, incapaz de reconocer la propia belleza de su hija? En Winnicott, una ilusión ocurre en el espejo: cuando la madre ve al bebé, supone reconocer algo proprio en él. Tal ilusión ocurre en el video: las imágenes de las sesiones parecen hechos concernentes a la realidad del niño; después de revisar el video, atrapados en ilusión, reconocemos sus pequeñas producciones, incluso a simple vista

We ground the specular function of video in psychoanalytical children`s clinic, especially in autism, returning to concepts of alienation and illusion. In Lacan, specularity comprises an anticipated image, offered by the Other, through which the baby recognizes itself. However, this alienating scene suggests an obstacle, represented in fairy tales by the queen and snow white: what mirror could a mother offer, considering only her own beauty, unable to recognize her daughter's own beauty? In Winnicott, an illusion occurs in mirroring: when a mother sees her baby, she supposes to recognize something there proper to the baby (not to her). Such illusion occurs in video: sessions' footage look like facts concerning to children's reality; after video reviewing, caught in illusion, we recognize their small productions, even to naked eyes

Nous basons la fonction spéculaire de la vidéo dans la clinique psychanalytique infantile, en particulier chez l'autisme, en revenant aux concepts d'aliénation et d'illusion. Chez Lacan, le spécularité comporte une image anticipée, offerte par l'Autre, dans laquelle le bébé se reconnaît. Cependant, cette scène aliénante suggère une impasse, représentée par la reine et blanche-neige: quel miroir une mère offre-t-elle, ne considérant que sa propre beauté, incapable de reconnaître la beauté de sa fille? Chez Winnicott, une illusion s'arrive dans le miroir: quand la mère voit son bébé, ele croit reconnaître quelque chose de propre en lui. Cette illusion s'arrive dans la vidéo: les images des séances semblent des faits concernant la réalité des enfants; après revu la vidéo, pris par l'illusion, on reconnaît leurs petites productions, même à l'œil un

The history of robotic surgery and its evolution: when illusion becomes reality / Evolução e história da cirurgia robótica: da ilusão à realidade

ABSTRACT The term "robot" was concepted in the beginning of last century, coming originally from the Czech word "robota", meaning "labor". More recently, computer assistance and robotics based in the telepresence and virtual reality concept have been applied to surgical procedures. The application of robots in surgery dates approximately 35 years, experiencing significant growth in the last two decades fueled by the advent of advanced technologies. Despite its recent and brief status in surgery history, robotic technology has already proven its enhanced visualization, superior dexterity and precision during minimally invasive procedures. Currently, the worldwide diffused and predominant robot system used in surgery is Da Vinci by Intuitive Surgical, however robotic surgery evolution is far from over, with multiple potential competitors on the horizon pushing forward its paradigms. We aim to describe the history and evolution of robotic surgery in the last years as well as present its future perspectives.

RESUMO O termo "robô" foi concebido no início do século passado, derivado originalmente da palavra tcheca "robota", que significa "trabalho". Mais recentemente, a tecnologia de computação associada à robótica, baseada no conceito de telepresença e realidade virtual, têm sido aplicadas aos procedimentos cirúrgicos. A aplicação de robôs em cirurgia data de aproximadamente 35 anos, experimentando um crescimento significativo nas últimas duas décadas impulsionado pelo advento de novas tecnologias e seus resultados. Apesar de seu status breve comparado à longevidade da história da cirurgia, a tecnologia robótica já provou seus potenciais benefícios com visualização aprimorada, destreza superior e maior precisão durante procedimentos minimamente invasivos. Atualmente, a plataforma robótica mundialmente difundida e predominantemente usada em cirurgia é o modelo Da Vinci da empresa Intuitive Surgical, e a evolução desse novo conceito de cirurgia está longe de terminar, com inúmeros competidores potenciais no horizonte impulsionando a quebra de paradigmas. Nosso objetivo nesta revisão é descrever a história e evolução da cirurgia robótica nos últimos anos, bem como apresentar suas perspectivas futuras.

Familial Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease with a PRNP Mutation at Codon 180 Presented with Visual Hallucinations and Illusions

No abstract available.

Paixões de amor. Oh, something to love! / Passions of love. Oh, something to love!

Às vezes, na minha vida profissional como psicanalista, estive envolvida com homens e com mulheres que pediram a minha ajuda para superar uma infelicidade prolongada e persistente causada por um superinvestimento, insatisfatório e frustrante, em um amor apaixonado. Esses pacientes pareciam imobilizados, prisioneiros de um investimento que não podia ser satisfeito, e que, apesar disso, eles buscavam com determinação e obstinação suspeitas. Em tais pacientes, não havia qualquer desejo de renunciar a esse amor impossível, e, portanto, pediam ajuda pelo desejo de encontrar alguma solução ilusória através da qual o seu amado voltaria para eles, ou se tornaria ciente do seu amor e do erro cometido, não o retribuindo. Às vezes, a ilusão prolongada às quais esses pacientes se apegavam me lembrava aquelas pessoas que pedem a ajuda de cartomantes e de feiticeiros. Aparentemente, existia o desejo de renunciar a essa aspiração; contudo, mais profundamente, eles estavam determinados a embarcar em uma história de amor tentando encontrar o caminho para aquela pessoa que parecia impossível de alcançar. O amor permeia as histórias das nossas vidas. Muitos autores, escritores, poetas, filósofos e, também, psicanalistas, se lançaram nessa busca para entender a essência do amor. Contudo, apesar de esse conceito ter sido estudado ao longo de séculos e culturas, o amor nunca consegue ser explicado de forma conclusiva. Seguimos tentando entender aquilo que permanece um mistério, um voo de metáforas (Kristeva, 1983). As raízes do amor se originam na primeira infância, mas as experiências infantis, sozinhas, não conseguem explicar as vicissitudes complexas e infinitas que o amor enfrenta e desenvolve ao longo da vida. O amor assume um papel central na formação da idealização e do desenvolvimento da ilusão e da desilusão, mas muda na passagem do tempo, por meio da evolução do indivíduo e da sociedade. Entre os muitos pacientes que acompanhei, escolhi discutir em detalhe um caso bastante exemplar que me permitiu explorar novamente, e de forma mais aprofundada, alguns princípios fundamentais da teoria psicanalítica em relação ao conceito de amor, paixão e as suas vicissitudes

Antipsychotic-Induced Oculogyric Crisis and Paroxysmal Perceptual Alteration / 대한정신분열병학회지

During antipsychotic drug treatment, clinicians occasionally encounter sudden attacks of oculogyric crisis (OGC) and/or paroxysmal perceptual alteration (PPA) which occur mostly in the afternoon or early evening lasting for minutes to hours and are eventually remitted with rests or short sleep and/or medications such as benzodiazepines, anticholinergics and so forth. Moreover, these attacks are usually accompanied with psychiatric symptoms such as various modalities of hallucinations and illusions, delusions, obsessive thoughts, panic attacks, agitation as well as autonomic symptoms. These accompanying psychiatric symptoms can be perceived as a worsening of psychiatric symptoms if the clinician does not understand the symptoms due to the side effects of antipsychotic drugs, which may result in increasing the dosage of antipsychotics instead of reducing doses or switching to less offending drugs. On the other hand, patients could easily recognize the symptoms as the adverse effects of drugs. This literature review and case-series study is aimed to raise awareness of OGC and PPA by providing clinical cases and author's views with the literature reviews about concepts, recognitions and managements from the works of Japanese authors who first reported the clinical importance of these attacks, particularly PPA.

The Central Dislocation of Femoral Head in the Transverse and Both Column Acetabular Fractures: Is It Really Medialized? / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: We hypothesized that the central dislocation of the femoral head does generally not occur in transverse acetabular fractures, although it does usually occur in both column fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two transverse and both column acetabular fracture cases were evaluated retrospectively. The distances between (a) the sciatic notch on the fracture side and the vertical axis of the pelvis (VA line) and (b) the contralateral intact sciatic notch and the VA line were measured. The a/b ratio corresponded to the superior iliac segment displacement or rotation. The ratio of the distance between the fracture side femoral head and the VA line (c) and the distance between the contralateral intact femoral head and the VA line (d) corresponded to the femoral head displacement. The width of ischium (e) on fractured side and (f) contralateral side were measured. The e/f ratio increment reflected ischiadic fragment mobility. RESULTS: The median value of femoral head displacement (c/d) of the transverse fracture group (n=25) was 1.02 (1.000-1.07). Ischiadic fragment rotation (e/f ratio) of the transverse fracture group was 1.000. The median value of femoral head displacement (c/d) of the both column fractures (n=27) was 0.78 (0.64-0.85). Ischiadic fragment rotation (e/f ratio) of the both-column group was 1.15 (1.06-1.23). The differences between groups according to measurements were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In contrary to Letournel description, our findings showed no medialization of femoral head in transverse acetabular fractures in general. This might be an illusion resulting from external rotation of the superior iliac segment.

The Central Dislocation of Femoral Head in the Transverse and Both Column Acetabular Fractures: Is It Really Medialized? / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: We hypothesized that the central dislocation of the femoral head does generally not occur in transverse acetabular fractures, although it does usually occur in both column fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two transverse and both column acetabular fracture cases were evaluated retrospectively. The distances between (a) the sciatic notch on the fracture side and the vertical axis of the pelvis (VA line) and (b) the contralateral intact sciatic notch and the VA line were measured. The a/b ratio corresponded to the superior iliac segment displacement or rotation. The ratio of the distance between the fracture side femoral head and the VA line (c) and the distance between the contralateral intact femoral head and the VA line (d) corresponded to the femoral head displacement. The width of ischium (e) on fractured side and (f) contralateral side were measured. The e/f ratio increment reflected ischiadic fragment mobility. RESULTS: The median value of femoral head displacement (c/d) of the transverse fracture group (n=25) was 1.02 (1.000-1.07). Ischiadic fragment rotation (e/f ratio) of the transverse fracture group was 1.000. The median value of femoral head displacement (c/d) of the both column fractures (n=27) was 0.78 (0.64-0.85). Ischiadic fragment rotation (e/f ratio) of the both-column group was 1.15 (1.06-1.23). The differences between groups according to measurements were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In contrary to Letournel description, our findings showed no medialization of femoral head in transverse acetabular fractures in general. This might be an illusion resulting from external rotation of the superior iliac segment.

Algunas gotas de lógica en la niebla de las depresiones / Some Drops of Logic in the Fog of Depression

A partir de dos textos de semivulgarización, pero científicamente correctos, que rinden una mirada típica de la percepción académica de los fenómenos depresivos, nos esforzaremos en mostrar lo que implica el naturalismo médico espontáneo, que afecta al aspecto moral de los síntomas mentales, tomando el concepto de moral desde su uso común, alrededor de las reglas sociales y relacionales que componen el entramado de la civilización. Esta naturalización médica descalifica como epifenómeno este hecho: la dimensión intencional de los hechos psíquicos y también los casos en que la intención contenida en un estado mental cuenta como intención, es decir, justamente el caso en que este estado tiene valor moral; así es como se presenta la depresión, como un dolor moral. Por un lado, se muestra cómo una visión desconoce y rechaza esta intencionalidad en los estados depresivos, lo que arraiga la depresión en un estado neurobiológico, y por otro, otra que trata de recuperar esta intencionalidad a través de postulados evolucionistas, pero sin llegar a conseguirlo realmente. Es el desconocimiento de la gramática moral de las expresiones y de las emociones depresivas y de los actos como hechos simbólicos, que hacen desembocar en ilusiones naturalistas.

From two semipopularised, but scientifically correct, texts, that provide a typical look of academic awareness of depressive phenomena, an attempt will be made to show what spontaneous medical naturalism involves, including the moral aspect of mental symptoms. The concept of moral from its common use that circles around the social and relationalrules that make up the fabric of civilisation. This medical naturalism disqualifies, as an epiphenomenon, this fact: the intentional dimension of psychic facts, but also cases where the intention contained in a state of mind counts as intended, i.e. precisely the case where this state has a moral value. This is how depression is presented, as a moral pain. On the one hand, it is shown how a vision rejects and disavows intentionality in depressive states, rooting depression in a neurobiological state, and on the other, another one that tries to recover this intentionality through evolutionary postulates, but without actually achieving it. It is the ignorance of the moral grammar of depressive expressions and emotions, and of acts, as symbolic facts, that lead to naturalist illusions.

La ilusión de la mano de goma: factores implicados, bases neurales y aplicaciones clínicas / The rubber hand illusion: involved factors, neural basis and clinical applications

The "Rubber Hand Illusion" is a procedure aimed to induce the sensation of an own hand through the efficient utilization of a false one in healthy people. Some modifications in original methods could weaken or even abolish the illusion. In addition, several personality traits could be involved in the intensity of subjective perception of the illusion, and some psychopathological traits could facilitate it. The neural substrate underlying to this cognitive phenomenon is very uncertain, even the current research have found several correlations between activity of some cerebral areas and the performance of illusion. The body awareness is an essential factor to a suitable interaction with the environment, and the disturbance of this process may cause serious mental diseases. The progress made at the Rubber Hand Illusion has helped to explore several fields where this procedure might be a good tool to detect some pathologies and their treatment.

La "Ilusión de la Mano de Goma" es un procedimiento que permite inducir a un sujeto sano la sensación de que una mano falsa es su propia mano. Pequeñas modificaciones en el método original puede alterar o incluso abolir la ilusión. Asimismo se han detectado varios factores individuales que influyen en la intensidad de la vivencia subjetiva de la ilusión, además de ciertos rasgos psicopatológicos sensibles a la aparición de la misma. Como cualquier fenómeno cognitivo, la ilusión de la mano de goma tiene un sustrato neural, y aunque sigue siendo incierto, las recientes investigaciones han detectado ciertas correlaciones entre distintas áreas cerebrales y la aparición de la ilusión. La conciencia corporal es fundamental para una correcta interacción con el entorno circundante, por lo que su perturbación puede causar una auténtica psicopatología. Los avances en el paradigma de la ilusión de la mano de goma están permitiendo conocer los distintos ámbitos donde este procedimiento puede resultar un buen instrumento para la detección y el tratamiento de distintas patologías.

The Diagnosis and Treatment of the Cervical Vertigo / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vertigo is an illusion of environmental movement due to various causes, thus it is hard for medical doctors to determine the exact kind of dizziness in the final diagnosis. Recently, cervical vertigo was reported from several vertigo cases. Cervical vertigo is defined as sensation of rotation, resulting from an alteration of the neck proprioceptive afferents of the upper cervical spine. The aim of our study is to document the clinical features and the treatment outcomes in vertigo patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A total of 488 patients, excluding 18 patients who received other diagnosis, were examined to investigate the reasons for dizziness. We evaluated 34 patients, who were diagnosed with cervical vertigo by questionnaire after MPS treatments. Clinical evaluations for cervical vertigo were performed on all subjects, and vestibular function tests were also performed in patients with vertigo symptoms. All patients received a total of 4 treatments including trigger point injection, physical therapy or medication, and then followed up, respectively. The symptom changes of dizziness, patient satisfaction and cervical pain were checked before and treatment 1, 2, 4 times by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score. RESULTS: There were significant improvement in the VAS score of dizziness, patient satisfaction and cervical pain after treatment for MPS. CONCLUSION: Treatment for MPS could improve dizziness in cervical vertigo with MPS patients, but further study is needed to clearly confirm the cervical vertigo with MPS for improving patient's quality of life.

Escala de desesperanza de Beck: evaluación de la consistencia interna y la estructura factorial para una población de puérperas adolescentes del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. Enero a mayo 2010 / Beck’s hopelessness scale: assessment of internal consistency and factor structure in a population of postpartum adolescents at Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. January to May 2010

Objetivo: Realizar la medición de la consistencia interna y el análisis factorial de la escala de desesperanza de Beck(EDB) al ser aplicada en puérperas adolescentes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta a las adolescentes entre 13 y 18 años de edad, que cumplieran con los criterios deinclusión, que acudieran al Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) para la atención del parto entre los meses deenero a mayo de 2010. La consistencia interna se evaluó através del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y la estructura factorial através de la extracción de componentes principales y rotación varimax. Resultados: Se obtuvo un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach = 0,70. La estructura factorial presenta seis dimensiones, que no se correlacionan con los hallazgos en otrosestudios y que presentan dificultades para su identificación. Tras eliminar pertinentemente seis elementos se obtuvo un coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0,73 y un modelo de cuatro factores identificados como motivación, proyección, control percibido e ilusión, que explican el 55% de la varianza. Conclusión: Se concluye que la EDB modificada (14 elementos) presenta una consistencia interna y estructura factorial adecuada.

Objetive: To measure the internal consistency and formulate the factorial analysis of Beck's Hopelessness Scale inpostpartum adolescents. Method: An observational, analytic, transversal study was conducted. Between January and May 2010, we applied a survey in every postpartum adolescent attended at Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. The internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the factorial structure by the main components extractionand varimax rotation. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.70. The factorial structure showed 6 components, which doesn't correlates with other studies' findings. After eliminating 6 elements from Beck's Hopelessness Scale, we got a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.733 and a factorial structure with 4 components, identified as Motivation, Projection, Perceived Control and Illusion, explaining 55% of variance. Conclusion: We concluded that the modified Beck's Hopelessness Scale has an adequate internal consistency and factorial structure.

Contexto emocional negativo e processamento consciente na produção de falsas memórias em tarefas de reconhecimento / Negative emotional context and conscious processing in the production of false memories in recognition tasks

Este trabalho investigou a produção de falsas memórias em relação a três fatores: tipos de processamento, carga afetiva das listas DRM e contexto emocional. Foram testadas quatro hipóteses experimentais: (a) índices superiores de falsas memórias ocorrerão em tarefas que demandam maior participação de processamento consciente, (b) aumento de falsas memórias em contexto emocional, (c) maior falsificação de memória nas listas DRM com cargas negativas e (d) mais falsas recordações na condição processamento consciente, listas negativas e contexto de valência desagradável. Participaram 150 estudantes e o contexto emocional foi manipulado pela inserção de fotografias do IAPS no paradigma DRM. Os resultados confirmaram as hipóteses do estudo e são discutidos segundo teorias de redes e da teoria do traço difuso...

The present study investigated the production of false memories in relation to three independent factors: processing type, emotional context and affective valence of Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) lists. Four experimental hypotheses were tested: (a) higher rates of false memories will occur in tasks that require greater participation of conscious processing; (b) increase of false memories in emotional contexts; (c) greater falsification of memory in DRM lists with negative valence; and (d) more false memories in conscious processing, negative lists and unpleasant valence contexts. One hundred and fifty university students participated in the experiment. The emotional context was manipulated by inserting pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) within DRM lists. Results confirmed the experimental hypotheses and were discussed considering theories of nets and conjoint activations...

O papel da ilusão na psicanálise Freudiana / The role of illusion in the Freudian psychoanalysis

Pretende-se descrever o papel atribuído por Freud à Ilusão nas três grandes fases da elaboração da teoria psicanalítica, tentando mostrar como a ilusão, quando confrontada com a prova da realidade, pode se tornar uma fonte de criatividade com um papel decisivo na construção da subjetividade.

The role of illusion in the Freudian psychoanalysis. The article has as purpose to describe the role assigned by Freud to the Illusion, in the elaboration phases of the psychoanalytic theory, trying to show the illusion, when faced with the reality's proof, can become a source of criativity with a decisive role in the subjectivity construction.

Medial Temporal Activation in Mal de Debarquement Syndrome Revealed by Standardized Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography

BACKGROUND: Mal de debarquement (MdD) literally means "sickness of disembarkation", and refers to the illusion of movement perceived as an after-effect of traveling on a boat, train, or airplane. The pathophysiology of MdD is currently unknown. CASE REPORT: A 20-year-old man presented with dizziness and swaying sensation for 3 days after a boat trip. Compared with the follow-up EEG without symptoms, the EEG recorded while having MdD symptoms disclosed a significantly decreased alpha-band current source density at the precentral gyrus of the left frontal lobe and increased beta-2 activity at the parahippocampal gyrus of right mesial temporal region. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence of deranged cortical activity in MdD. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to document cortical correlates of MdD using an EEG source-localization method.

Research on Ocular Fatigability Induced by Multimedia and Instrument Features

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the different features of such instruments and how they cause ocular fatigability. METHODS: Under the same settings and circumstances, 75 participants were asked to read the novel, "You without me?" in different formats including paper book, E-book (biscuit(R), Interpark Inc., LG INNOTECK LTD, Korea) and LCD reader (iPad(R), Apple Inc., United States). For every 10 minutes of reading, 10 minutes of rest was provided. After finishing the novel, the participants were asked to complete a questionnaire, and the data obtained were statistically analyzed using univariate analysis. RESULTS: Compared to paper book readers (1.93), LCD readers (2.40) complained of insufficient lubrication in the eye (p = 0.038), and experience more letter-floating illusions (1.92) than did paper book readers (1.49) (p = 0.043). Moreover, compared to the other formats including the E-book (20%) and paper book (8%), LCD readers (72%) experienced more significant glare symptoms (n = 23) and could read at a faster rate than the other groups of readers (n = 26). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the I-Pad caused ocular fatigability more easily than the other formats examined. No statistical significance of ocular discomfort or fatigability was observed among the different format groups. Further investigation with a greater number of age-controlled participants should be conducted prior to designing a study to determine the best format for reading.

Development and validation of the Korean Nursing Delirium Scale

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to develop and test the validity of the Korean Nursing Delirium Scale (Nu-DESC) for older patients in hospital. METHODS: The Korean Nu-DESC was developed based on the Nu-DESC (Gaudreau, 2005), and revised according to nursing records related to signs and symptoms of older patients with delirium (n=361) and the results of a pilot study (n=42) in one general hospital. To test the validity of the Korean Nu-DESC, 75 older patients whom nurses suspected of delirium from 731 older patients from 12 nursing units were assessed by bedside nurses using the Korean Nu-DESC. A Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve of the Korean Nu-DESC was constructed with an accompanying Area Under the Curve (AUC). RESULTS: Specific examples such as irritable, kidding, sleeping tendency, which were observed by bedside nurses in Korea, were identified in the five features of signs and symptoms of delirium in the instrument. The Korean Nu-DESC was psycho-metrically valid and had a sensitivity and specificity of .81-.76 and .97-.73, respectively. The AUC were .89, .74. CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that the Korean Nu-DESC is well-suited for widespread clinical use in busy inpatients settings and shows promise as a research instrument.